Robinson considered this the "typical mid-first century legionary helmet" (although the Coolus/Montefortino was probably more common) and it seems to have continued in use on into the early 2nd century AD. Imperial Gallic helmets Imperial Gallic G AD 125 through the latter 3rd century AD. This started as a field modification, as seen on several Imperial Gallic helmets with the crossbars hastily riveted right over the decorative eyebrows (crossbars are seen on some, though not all, of the legionary helmets on Trajan's Column), but quickly became a standard feature, found on all helmets produced from ca. The Roman combat experience of the Dacian wars produced further developments in helmet design, particularly the two iron bars riveted crosswise across the helmet skull (alternatively, two thick bronze strips might be riveted to the top of a bronze legionary or auxiliary helmet) it has been suggested that this form of reinforcement was added as protection against the falx. These differences in decoration and workmanship tended to diminish as time went on the last two Italic types classified by Robinson, the Hebron (Italic G) and Niedermörmter (Italic H) helmets, were as carefully crafted and well-decorated as any Imperial Gallic helmet.Īlthough derived from a Celtic original, the Imperial helmet had more advanced features, such as a sloped neck guard with ribbing at the nape, projecting ear guards, brass trim, and decorative bosses. They drew these names from their main manufacturers, rather than wearers – Robinson believed "Imperial Gallic" helmets (featuring a pair of distinctive embossed eyebrows on the forehead region and tending to be carefully made and elaborately decorated) were the products of Celtic craftsmen in Gaul whereas "Imperial Italic" helmets (lacking the eyebrows and somewhat more roughly made) were the product of less-skilled copycats in Italy and elsewhere in the Empire. Russell Robinson, who further sub-divided this main type into the two sub-types of "Imperial Gallic" and "Imperial Italic". The term Imperial helmet was coined by H. This constituted the final evolutionary stage of the legionary helmet ( galea). So when the improved Imperial helmet appeared, it replaced what remained of the very old Coolus type, which was largely superseded at the time by improved versions of the Montefortino helmet type, which continued to serve alongside it for a time.
#EARLY ROMAN CENTURION HELMET PROFESSIONAL#
Even as the professional Imperial army emerged, and short-term service citizen soldiers became rare, useful equipment was never discarded. Thus, a variety of equipment, from different eras was present in the ranks. Prior to the Empire, Roman Republican soldiers often provided their own equipment, which was passed down from father to son. The Imperial helmet-type was a type of helmet worn by Roman legionaries.
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